MILESTONES IN IMMUNOLOGY

 

Immunity ;

       Immunity state of protection from infectious disease.

MILESTONES FROM IMMUNOLOGY ;

15th century - Chinese - smallpox
Immunity drived from - Latin word ' Immunis '

430 BC - Thucydides - describing a plaque in Athens .
Those who had recovered from plaque could nurse the sick. Because they would not contract the disease second time.

15th century - Crude attempts to induce immunity performed by Chinese & Turks .
    Variolation ;  
                Dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules either inhaled into the nostrils or inserted into the skin.

1718 - Lady Mary worthey Montague - wife of British Ambassador to Constantinople
- she observed the positive effect of variola & Applied her own children.

1798 - Edward jenner - Milk made who had contracted to cow pox were subsequently immune to smallpox.
 Introducing fluid from cow pox pustle into people might protected them from smallpox.

Louis Pasteur - Induction of immunity of cholera .

 1885 - Pasteur administered first vaccine to human .

1890 - Emil Von Behring & Shibasabure , kitasato serum from animal.
Previously immunized to diphtheria could transfer the immune state to unimmunized animal.

1883 - Elie Met Chinkoff
The cell also contribute the immune state of an animal.
 
1950 - Lymphocyte was identified as the cell responsible for both cellular & humoral immunity.

1900 - Paul Ehrlich
     Blood cell expressed a variety of side chain receptors that could with infectious agent & inactive them .

1950 - Clonal Selection theory
      An individual Lymphocyte express membrane receptors that are specific for distinct antigen.